11th Century Western History


	The 11th Century CE	1000s CE

1000s - 976-1025 Basil II 1000 Leif Erikson in "Vinland" 1002 On St. Brice's Day, by order of King Æthelred the Unready, Danes are massacred around Britain.	1010s - 976-1025 Basil II 1012 Berber revolution at Cordoba 1013 King Æthelred the Unready flees to Normandy after def to Canute c. 1014 Avicenna becomes the court physician in Tehran and writes The Canon of Medicine and The Book of Healing 1014 Brian Boru defeats Norse at Clontarf 1016-35 Canute King of England,
1020s - 1027 Arlette, daughter of a tanner, gives birth to the illegitimate son of Robert I, Duke of Normandy. The boy's name is William. 1027 Canute makes pilgrimage to Rome for coronation of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor. 1028 Canute conquers Norway.	1030s - 1031 End of Caliphate of Córdoba 1038 Seljuk Turks (1037–1194) invade Persia
1040s - 1040-52 Macbeth usurper King of Scotland	1050s Seljuks take Baghdad 1054 Great Schism of Greek from Roman Church
1060s 1060 Seljuk Turks conquer Armenia 1061-91 Norman conquest of Sicily 1063 Prince Harold conquers Wales 1064 Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex, is shipwrecked on the French coast, and is held for ransom by the Count of Ponthieu. Duke William of Normandy procures his release. Harold takes oath that William will become king of England and Harold will be Earl of Essex, upon the death of English King Edward the Confessor. 1066 William I the Conqueror defeats Harold at Hastings to become 1st Norman King of England.	1070s 1071 Normans in southern Italy, led by Robert Guiscard, defeat the Byzantines at Bari and eject them from Italy. 1071 Seljuk Turks under Sultan Alp Arslan def. Byzantines under Emp Romanus IV at Battle of Manzikert. This permits the Seljuk Turks to consolidate control of the central Anatolian plateau and cuts off pilgrim routes to Jerusalem. 1074 Pope Gregory VII plans to lead army to liberate and unify Eastern Empire 1076 Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over lay investiture, (awarding the office and land of a bishopric to nonclergy) 1077 Henry IV does pennance at Canossa
1080s 1078-81 Nicephorus III 1081-1118 Alexios I Komnenos curbs the Byzantine decline and appeals to Western Europe for help, sparking the First Crusade. 1080 2nd excommunication of Henry IV 1084 Anti-Pope Clemens III crowns Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor 1085 English Domesday Book (tax rolls) 1085 Sack of Rome by Robert Guiscard	1090s 1090 "Assassin" sect founded 1093 After King William II accepts his conditions, Saint Anselm becomes Archbishop of Canterbury. 1093 French philosopher Roscellinus, the founder of nominalism, recants his non-trinitarian views when faced with excommunication. 1094 Castilian El Cid conquers Valencia 1095 Al-Ghazali resigned his prestegious teaching position in Baghdad and continued his scholarship in accordance with Sufi mysticism. 1095 First Crusade proclaimed by Pope Urban II after appeal by Alexius 1096 Peter the Hermit of Amiens incites "crusaders" to kill German Jews and leads peasant army until it encounters Turks in Anatolia, where it is destroyed. 1098 Fatimids take Jerusalem 1099 Jerusalem conquered by Crusaders, defending Jews herded into temple and burned alive.

1000s