3rd Century BC Western History


	The 3rd Century BCE	200s BC

290s - 298-290: 3rd Samnite War creates coalition of Samnites, Etruscans, Celts, Sabines, Lucanians, Umbrians in opposition to Rome and her allies 297: Casander dies. 295: Roman victory at Sentinum leads to peace w/Etruscans 290: Peace w/Samnites, who were obliged to do military service.	280s - 287: Hortensian Law makes Plebiscites of the Roman plebian assembly (comitia tributa) binding without the ratification of the Senate or the Centuriate Assembly. 283: Ptolemy I dies. 282: Messina falls to Mamertine mercenaries. 281: Seleucus defeats and kills Lysimachus (age 80), in the plain of Coron, near Ipsus.
270s - 279: Vict of Pyrrhus at Ausculum with great losses (Pyrrhic victory) Plutarch's Pyrrhus 278: Celts (or Gauls) invade Macedonia and Thrace. 277: Antigonus Gonatus (grandson of Antipater) defeats Celts at Lysimacheia . 275 Romans defeat Pyrrhus at Beneventum Livy's The History of Rome	260s - c. 264 Arcesilaus becomes the head of the Academy at Athens and founds Academic Skepticism 264: Start of the First Punic War to 241. (Carthage vs. Rome) 260: Roman ships defeat Carthaginian ships at Mylae.
250s - 256: Roman ships defeat Carthaginian ships at Cape Ecnomus.	240s 243: Aratus captures Corinth. 241: Roman ships defeat Carthaginian ships off the Aegadian Isles. First Punic War ends. c. 240 Eratosthenes calculates the circumference of the earth.
230s 239: Antigonius dies of old age. 235: Attalus I defeats the Galatians.	220s c. 229 Chrysippus succeeds Cleanthes as head of the Stoic school in Athens 227: Earthquake nearly destroys Rhodes.
210s 219: Hannibal captures Saguntum in Spain. 218: Declaration of Second Punic War to 201 (Carthage vs.Rome) 217: Hannibal crosses Alps from Gaul into Italy. 216: Hannibal defeats Roman army at Cannae (worst Rom def in history, 50,000 out of 86,000 men lost). 214: Roman General Marcus Claudius Marcellus besieges Syracuse, which is allied with Carthage. War machines designed by Greek mathematician Archimedes devastate Roman war ships. The siege fails and the blockade begins. 212: Archimedes, the greatest inventor of antiquity, is killed when Marcellus allows his Roman soldiers to loot the city of Syracuse.	200s 202: Hannibal defeated at Zama by Scipio Africanus

Plutarch's Demetrius
Plutarch's Pyrrhus
Plutarch's Cleomenes
Plutarch's Aratus
Plutarch's Fabius
Plutarch's Marcellus
Plutarch's Agis