494 - Retreat of the Pleabians to the sacred mt, Aventine, who refuse military service until the office of the Tribunes (2) was granted, with power to veto the Assembly & Senate
490 - 10,000 Athenians under Miltiades defeat Darius' Persian forces at Marathon, Greece. The Greek front being wider than the Persian phalanx results in the ends of the Greek lines enveloping the sides of the Persian phalanx. Disagreement exists as to whether the envelopment was an intentional tactic, a happenstance of the Greek center giving way when the forces collided, or perhaps even the semi-circular shape of the hills from which the Greeks descended as they joined the battle.

King Ahasuerus of Persia (Xerxes I ?) marries Esther, who convinces him to prevent the planned killing of all Persian Jews. This is the basis of the Jewish festival of Purim.

479: Athens under Themistocles destroys Persian navy at Salamis and Platea. Persian army leaves Greece.

471:  Publian Law creates the Comitia Tributa, a Plebian Assembly which held plebiscites to recommend laws to the Senate and Assembly (Centuriates)